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mathomatic/help.c

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/*
* Mathomatic help command and parsing routines.
*
* Everything that depends on the command table goes here.
*
* Copyright (C) 1987-2012 George Gesslein II.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
The chief copyright holder can be contacted at gesslein@mathomatic.org, or
George Gesslein II, P.O. Box 224, Lansing, NY 14882-0224 USA.
*/
#include "includes.h"
#include "license.h" /* the current software license for Mathomatic */
#define CMD_REQUIRED_NCHARS 4 /* Only type this many characters to run a Mathomatic command. */
/* Set this to a high number like 50 to require all letters of a command to be typed. */
/*
* The following structure is used for each Mathomatic command.
*/
typedef struct {
char *name; /* command name to be typed by user (must not contain any spaces) */
char *secondary_name; /* another name for this command */
int (*func)(); /* function that handles this command */
/* function is passed a char pointer and returns true if successful */
char *usage; /* command syntax text */
char *info; /* one line description of command */
char *extra; /* one line extra info on command */
} com_type;
/*
* The Mathomatic command table follows. It should be in alphabetical order.
*/
static com_type com_list[] = {
/* command name, alternate name, function, usage, information */
{ "approximate", NULL, approximate_cmd, "[equation-number-ranges]", "Approximate all numerical values in equation spaces.", "\"repeat approximate\" approximates more, like calculate." },
#if !LIBRARY
{ "calculate", NULL, calculate_cmd, "[\"factor\"] [equation-number-range] [variable iterations]", "Temporarily plug in values for variables and approximate well.", "\"repeat calculate\" repeatedly prompts for any input." },
#endif
{ "clear", NULL, clear_cmd, "[equation-number-ranges]", "Delete expressions stored in memory so equation spaces can be reused.", "Tip: Use \"clear all\" to quickly restart Mathomatic." },
{ "code", NULL, code_cmd, "[\"c\" or \"java\" or \"python\" or \"integer\"] [equation-number-ranges]", "Output C, Java, or Python code for the specified equations.", "Related commands: simplify, optimize, and variables" },
{ "compare", NULL, compare_cmd, "[\"symbolic\" \"approx\"] equation-number [\"with\" equation-number]", "Compare two equation spaces for mathematical equivalence.", "This command may be preceded with \"repeat\" for full simplify." },
{ "copy", NULL, copy_cmd, "[\"select\"] [equation-number-ranges]", "Duplicate the contents of the specified equation spaces.", "With select, the first copy is made the current equation." },
{ "derivative", "differentiate", derivative_cmd, "[\"nosimplify\"] variable or \"all\" [order]", "Symbolically differentiate and simplify, order times." },
{ "display", NULL, display_cmd, "[\"factor\"] [\"simple\" or \"mixed\"] [equation-number-ranges]", "Display expressions in pretty, 2D multi-line fraction format." },
{ "divide", NULL, divide_cmd, "[base-variable] [dividend divisor]", "Divide 2 numbers or polynomials. Give detailed result and GCD.", "\"repeat divide\" repeatedly prompts for any input." },
{ "echo", NULL, echo_cmd, "[text]", "Output a line of text, followed by a newline.", "This command may be preceded with \"repeat\"." },
#if SHELL_OUT
{ "edit", NULL, edit_cmd, "[file-name]", "Edit all equation spaces or an input file, then read them in.", "Editor name in EDITOR environment variable." },
#endif
{ "eliminate", NULL, eliminate_cmd, "variables or \"all\" [\"using\" equation-number]", "Substitute the specified variables with solved equations.", "This command may be preceded with \"repeat\"." },
{ "extrema", NULL, extrema_cmd, "[variable] [order]", "Show where the slope of the current equation equals zero.", "Helps with finding the minimums and maximums." },
{ "factor", "collect", factor_cmd, "[\"number\" [integers]] or [\"power\"] [equation-number-range] [variables]", "Factor variables in equation spaces or factorize given integers." },
{ "for", NULL, for_cmd, "variable start end [step-size]", "Evaluate and display the current expression for each value of variable.", "Same syntax as the sum and product commands." },
{ "fraction", NULL, fraction_cmd, "[\"numerator\" \"denominator\"] [equation-number-range]", "Convert expression to a single simple algebraic fraction.", "This command may be preceded with \"repeat\"." },
#if HELP
{ "help", "?", help_cmd, "[topics or command-names]", "Short, built-in help and reference." },
#endif
{ "imaginary", NULL, imaginary_cmd, "[variable]", "Fully expand and copy the imaginary part of the current expression.", "Related command: real" },
{ "integrate", "integral", integrate_cmd, "[\"constant\" or \"definite\"] variable [order [lower and upper-bounds]]", "Symbolically integrate polynomials order times, then simplify." },
{ "laplace", NULL, laplace_cmd, "[\"inverse\"] variable", "Compute the Laplace or inverse Laplace transform of polynomials.", "This command only works with polynomials." },
{ "limit", NULL, limit_cmd, "variable expression", "Take the limit as variable goes to expression.", "This limit command is experimental." },
{ "list", NULL, list_cmd, "[\"export\" or \"maxima\" or \"gnuplot\" or \"hex\"] [equation-number-ranges]", "Display equation spaces in single-line (one-dimensional) format.", "Options to export expressions to other math programs." },
{ "nintegrate", NULL, nintegrate_cmd, "[\"trapezoid\"] variable [partitions [lower and upper-bounds]]", "Do numerical definite integration using Simpson's rule.", "This command cannot integrate over singularities." },
{ "optimize", NULL, optimize_cmd, "[equation-number-range]", "Split up equations into smaller, more efficient equations." },
{ "pause", NULL, pause_cmd, "[text]", "Display a line of text and wait for user to press the Enter key." },
#if SHELL_OUT
{ "plot", NULL, plot_cmd, "[equation-number-ranges] [xyz-ranges] [gnuplot-expressions,]", "Automatically plot multiple expressions in 2D or 3D with gnuplot.", "Plots variable x; if expression contains y, do a 3D surface plot." },
#endif
{ "product", NULL, product_cmd, "variable start end [step-size]", "Compute the product as variable goes from start to end.", "Related command: sum" },
#if READLINE || EDITLINE
{ "push", NULL, push_cmd, "[equation-number-ranges or text-to-push]", "Push equation spaces or text into readline history for editing.", "Available only if readline is enabled." },
#endif
#if !LIBRARY
{ "quit", "exit", quit_cmd, "[exit-value]", "Terminate this program without saving." },
#endif
#if !SECURE
{ "read", NULL, read_cmd, "[file-name or directory]", "Display/change directory, or read in a text file as if it was typed in.", "\"repeat read\" will read in a file repeatedly until failure." },
#endif
{ "real", NULL, real_cmd, "[variable]", "Fully expand and copy the real part of the current expression.", "Related command: imaginary" },
{ "replace", NULL, replace_cmd, "[variables [\"with\" expression]]", "Substitute variables in the current equation with expressions.", "This command may be preceded with \"repeat\"." },
{ "roots", NULL, roots_cmd, "root real-part imaginary-part", "Display all the roots of a complex number.", "\"repeat roots\" repeatedly prompts for any input." },
#if !SECURE
{ "save", NULL, save_cmd, "file-name", "Save all equation spaces in a text file.", "Related command: read" },
#endif
{ "set", NULL, set_cmd, "[[\"no\"] option [value]] ...", "Display, set, or \"save\" current session options.", "\"set\" by itself will show all current option settings." },
{ "simplify", NULL, simplify_cmd, "[\"sign\" \"symbolic\" \"quick[est]\" \"fraction\"] [equation-number-ranges]", "Completely simplify expressions.", "This command may be preceded with \"repeat\" for full simplify." },
{ "solve", NULL, solve_cmd, "[\"verify\" or \"verifiable\"] [equation-number-range] [\"for\"] expression", "Solve the specified equations for a variable or for zero.", "The verify options check all returned solutions for correctness." },
{ "sum", NULL, sum_cmd, "variable start end [step-size]", "Compute the summation as variable goes from start to end.", "Related command: product" },
#if !LIBRARY
{ "tally", NULL, tally_cmd, "[\"average\"] [equation-number-ranges]", "Add entries, specified and prompted for, showing total." },
#endif
{ "taylor", NULL, taylor_cmd, "[\"nosimplify\"] variable order point", "Compute the Taylor series expansion of the current expression." },
{ "unfactor", "expand", unfactor_cmd, "[\"count\" \"fraction\" \"quick\" \"power\"] [equation-number-range]", "Algebraically expand (multiply out) expressions." },
{ "variables", NULL, variables_cmd, "[\"c\" \"java\" \"integer\" \"count\"] [equation-number-ranges]", "Show all variable names used within the specified expressions.", "Related command: code" },
{ "version", NULL, version_cmd, "[\"status\"]", "Display Mathomatic version, status, and compiler information." }
};
#if HELP
char *example_strings[] = {
"; Example 1:\n",
"; Here the derivative of the absolute value function is computed.\n",
"; Expressions are entered by just typing them in:\n",
"|x| ; The absolute value of x\n",
"derivative ; The result gives the sign of x:\n",
"pause\n",
"repeat echo -\n",
"; Example 2:\n",
#if !LIBRARY
"; Here the calculate command is used to plug values into a solved formula.\n",
"; A common temperature conversion formula (from \"help conversions\"):\n",
"fahrenheit = (9*celsius/5) + 32\n",
"repeat calculate ; plug in values until an empty line is entered\n",
"\n",
"; Solve for the other variable and simplify the result:\n",
"solve for celsius\n",
"simplify\n",
"repeat calculate ; plug in values until an empty line is entered\n",
"\n",
"variables count; count all variables that occur in expressions\n",
"pause\n",
"repeat echo -\n",
"; Example 3:\n",
#endif
"; Expand the following to polynomial form, then refactor and differentiate:\n",
"(x+y+z)^3\n",
"expand count ; Expand and count the resulting number of terms:\n",
"pause\n",
"simplify ; refactor:\n",
"derivative x ; here is the derivative, with respect to x:\n",
"expand count ; and its term count, when expanded:\n",
NULL
};
#endif
#if HELP
char *geometry_strings[] = {
"; Triangle area, \"b\" is the \"base\" side:\n",
"triangle_area = b*height/2\n",
"; Here is Heron's formula for the area of any triangle\n",
"; given all three side lengths (\"a\", \"b\", and \"c\"):\n",
"triangle_area = (((a + b + c)*(a - b + c)*(a + b - c)*(b - a + c))^(1/2))/4\n",
"\n",
"; Rectangle of length \"l\" and width \"w\":\n",
"rectangle_area = l*w\n",
"rectangle_perimeter = 2*l + 2*w\n",
"\n",
"; Trapezoid of parallel sides \"a\" and \"b\",\n",
"; and the \"distance\" between them:\n",
"trapezoid_area = distance*(a + b)/2\n",
"\n",
"; Circle of radius \"r\":\n",
"circle_area = pi*r^2\n",
"circle_perimeter = 2*pi*r\n",
"\n",
"; 3D rectangular solid of length \"l\", width \"w\", and height \"h\":\n",
"brick_volume = l*w*h\n",
"brick_surface_area = 2*l*w + 2*l*h + 2*w*h\n",
"\n",
"; 3D sphere of radius \"r\":\n",
"sphere_volume = 4/3*pi*r^3\n",
"sphere_surface_area = 4*pi*r^2\n",
"\n",
"; Convex 2D polygon with straight sides,\n",
"; sum of all interior angles formula in degree, radian, and gradian units:\n",
"sum_degrees = (sides - 2)*180\n",
"sum_radians = (sides - 2)*pi\n",
"sum_grads = (sides - 2)*180*10/9 ; Rarely used gradian formula.\n",
"; \"sides\" is the number of sides of any convex 2D polygon.\n",
"; Convex means that all interior angles are less than 180 degrees.\n",
"; Type \"elim sides\" to get the radians/degrees/grads conversion formulas.\n",
NULL
};
char *conversion_strings[] = {
"; Temperature\n",
"fahrenheit = (9*celsius/5) + 32\n",
"kelvin = celsius + 273.15\n",
"; Distance\n",
"inches = centimeters/2.54\n",
"miles = kilometers/1.609344\n",
"; Weight\n",
"pounds = kilograms/0.45359237\n",
NULL
};
#endif
/*
* Process mathematical expression input in Mathomatic,
* with no solving and no automatic calculation.
*
* Simply parse the equation or expression text in "cp"
* and place the result in equation space "n".
*
* Return true if successful.
*/
int
parse(n, cp)
int n;
char *cp;
{
if (parse_equation(n, cp)) {
if (n_lhs[n] == 0 && n_rhs[n] == 0)
return true;
if (n_lhs[n] == 0) {
/* RHS expression only, set equal to zero */
n_lhs[n] = 1;
lhs[n][0] = zero_token;
}
cur_equation = n;
return return_result(cur_equation);
}
return false;
}
/*
* Process main prompt equation and expression input in Mathomatic;
* either swapping equation sides, selecting an equation space (autoselect),
* solving the current equation (autosolve), calculating a numerical expression (autocalc),
* or storing a new or modified equation or expression.
* Here we can apply identical operations to both sides of an equation, too.
*
* Parse the mathematical expression text in "cp" and perform one of the above operations,
* or store it in equation space "n" and display.
*
* Return true if successful.
*/
int
process_parse(n, cp)
int n;
char *cp;
{
int i;
char *cp1, *ep;
int equals_flag = false;
#if LIBRARY
int previous_repeat_flag;
#endif
int rv;
int op = 0;
static int last_autocalc_en = -1;
long answer_v = 0; /* Mathomatic answer variable */
if (cp == NULL)
return false;
if ((cp1 = strchr(cp, '=')) != NULL) {
if (strrchr(cp, '=') == cp1 && is_mathomatic_operator(cp[0]) && cp[0] != '='
&& is_mathomatic_operator(cp[1])) {
if (cp[1] == '=') {
switch (cp[0]) {
case '+':
op = PLUS;
break;
case '-':
op = MINUS;
break;
case '*':
op = TIMES;
break;
case '/':
op = DIVIDE;
break;
case '^':
op = POWER;
break;
case '%':
op = MODULUS;
break;
}
} else if (cp[2] == '=') {
if (cp[0] == '*' && cp[1] == '*') {
op = POWER;
} else if (cp[0] == '/' && cp[1] == '/') {
op = IDIVIDE;
}
}
}
if (op) {
if (cur_equation == n || empty_equation_space(cur_equation)) {
error(_("No current equation to manipulate."));
return false;
}
input_column += (cp1 + 1) - cp;
if (parse_equation(n, cp1 + 1) == NULL) {
return false;
}
if (n_lhs[n] <= 0 || n_rhs[n] != 0) {
error(_("Syntax error."));
n_lhs[n] = 0;
n_rhs[n] = 0;
return false;
}
if (n_lhs[cur_equation] + 1 + n_lhs[n] > n_tokens
|| n_rhs[cur_equation] + 1 + n_lhs[n] > n_tokens) {
n_lhs[n] = 0;
n_rhs[n] = 0;
error_huge();
}
for (i = 0; i < n_lhs[cur_equation]; i++) {
lhs[cur_equation][i].level++;
}
lhs[cur_equation][i].kind = OPERATOR;
lhs[cur_equation][i].level = 1;
lhs[cur_equation][i].token.operatr = op;
i++;
blt(&lhs[cur_equation][i], lhs[n], n_lhs[n] * sizeof(token_type));
n_lhs[cur_equation] += 1 + n_lhs[n];
for (; i < n_lhs[cur_equation]; i++) {
lhs[cur_equation][i].level++;
}
if (n_rhs[cur_equation] > 0) {
for (i = 0; i < n_rhs[cur_equation]; i++) {
rhs[cur_equation][i].level++;
}
rhs[cur_equation][i].kind = OPERATOR;
rhs[cur_equation][i].level = 1;
rhs[cur_equation][i].token.operatr = op;
i++;
blt(&rhs[cur_equation][i], lhs[n], n_lhs[n] * sizeof(token_type));
n_rhs[cur_equation] += 1 + n_lhs[n];
for (; i < n_rhs[cur_equation]; i++) {
rhs[cur_equation][i].level++;
}
}
n_lhs[n] = 0;
n_rhs[n] = 0;
simp_equation(cur_equation);
return return_result(cur_equation);
}
}
if ((ep = parse_equation(n, cp))) {
for (cp1 = cp; cp1 < ep; cp1++) {
if (*cp1 == '=') {
equals_flag = true;
break;
}
}
if (n_lhs[n] == 0 && n_rhs[n] == 0) {
if (strcmp(cp, "=") == 0 && cur_equation != n && equation_space_is_equation(cur_equation)) {
debug_string(0, _("Swapping both sides of the current equation..."));
n = cur_equation;
i = n_lhs[n];
blt(scratch, lhs[n], i * sizeof(token_type));
n_lhs[n] = n_rhs[n];
blt(lhs[n], rhs[n], n_rhs[n] * sizeof(token_type));
n_rhs[n] = i;
blt(rhs[n], scratch, i * sizeof(token_type));
return return_result(cur_equation);
}
return true;
}
if (n_lhs[n] == 0 || n_rhs[n] == 0) {
if (equals_flag && cur_equation != n && !empty_equation_space(cur_equation) && n_rhs[cur_equation] == 0) {
debug_string(0, _("Combining to make an equation out of the current non-equation."));
if (n_lhs[n]) {
/* copy the LHS to the RHS */
blt(rhs[cur_equation], lhs[cur_equation], n_lhs[cur_equation] * sizeof(token_type));
n_rhs[cur_equation] = n_lhs[cur_equation];
blt(lhs[cur_equation], lhs[n], n_lhs[n] * sizeof(token_type));
n_lhs[cur_equation] = n_lhs[n];
} else if (n_rhs[n]) {
blt(rhs[cur_equation], rhs[n], n_rhs[n] * sizeof(token_type));
n_rhs[cur_equation] = n_rhs[n];
}
n_lhs[n] = 0;
n_rhs[n] = 0;
return return_result(cur_equation);
}
if (autosolve || equals_flag) {
if ((n_lhs[n] == 1 && ((lhs[n][0].kind == CONSTANT && lhs[n][0].token.constant == 0.0)
|| (lhs[n][0].kind == VARIABLE && ((lhs[n][0].token.variable & VAR_MASK) > SIGN || equals_flag))))
|| (n_rhs[n] == 1 && ((rhs[n][0].kind == CONSTANT && rhs[n][0].token.constant == 0.0)
|| rhs[n][0].kind == VARIABLE))) {
rv = solve_espace(n, cur_equation);
n_lhs[n] = 0;
n_rhs[n] = 0;
if (rv) {
return return_result(cur_equation);
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
if (!equals_flag && autoselect && n_lhs[n] == 1 && lhs[n][0].kind == CONSTANT && fmod(lhs[n][0].token.constant, 1.0) == 0.0
&& lhs[n][0].token.constant > 0.0 && lhs[n][0].token.constant <= n_equations) {
/* easy selecting of equation spaces by just typing in the equation number */
cur_equation = lhs[n][0].token.constant - 1;
n_lhs[n] = 0;
return_result(cur_equation);
return true;
}
if (autocalc) {
/* the numerical input calculation */
if (n_lhs[n]) {
if (!exp_is_numeric(lhs[n], n_lhs[n])) {
goto set_equal_to_zero; /* not numerical (contains a variable) */
}
/* copy the LHS to the RHS */
blt(rhs[n], lhs[n], n_lhs[n] * sizeof(token_type));
n_rhs[n] = n_lhs[n];
}
if (exp_is_numeric(rhs[n], n_rhs[n])) {
/* make the expression an equation by making the LHS the "answer" variable */
lhs[n][0].level = 1;
lhs[n][0].kind = VARIABLE;
parse_var(&answer_v, "answer"); /* convert to a Mathomatic variable */
lhs[n][0].token.variable = answer_v;
n_lhs[n] = 1;
/* make it the current equation and run the calculate command on it */
cur_equation = n;
#if LIBRARY
previous_repeat_flag = repeat_flag;
repeat_flag = true; /* act like the calculate command does */
rv = approximate_cmd(""); /* display an approximation even when using the Symbolic Math Library, unless autocalc is false */
repeat_flag = previous_repeat_flag;
#else
debug_string(0, _("Calculating..."));
rv = calculate_cmd(""); /* display the approximation */
#endif
/* Keep the current input until next autocalc, then delete if "set autodelete". */
i = last_autocalc_en;
if (autodelete && i >= 0 && i < n_equations) {
if (i != n && n_lhs[i] == 1 && lhs[i][0].kind == VARIABLE
&& lhs[i][0].token.variable == answer_v) {
/* delete previous answer from memory */
n_lhs[i] = 0;
n_rhs[i] = 0;
}
}
last_autocalc_en = n;
return rv;
}
}
set_equal_to_zero:
if (equals_flag) {
debug_string(0, _("Setting new algebraic expression equal to zero."));
if (n_rhs[n]) {
/* RHS expression only with equals sign; set equal to zero */
n_lhs[n] = 1;
lhs[n][0] = zero_token;
} else if (n_lhs[n]) {
/* LHS expression only with equals sign; set equal to zero */
n_rhs[n] = 1;
rhs[n][0] = zero_token;
}
}
}
cur_equation = n;
return return_result(cur_equation);
}
return false;
}
/*
* Run a line of main prompt input to Mathomatic.
* It may be a command, an expression or equation to store, etc.
*
* Return true if line starts with a colon (:) or if successful.
*/
int
process(cp)
char *cp;
{
if (cp && cp[0] == ':') {
input_column++;
previous_return_value = process_rv(cp + 1);
return true;
} else {
previous_return_value = process_rv(cp);
if (!previous_return_value) {
debug_string(1, "Error return.");
}
return previous_return_value;
}
}
/*
* Run a line of main prompt input to Mathomatic.
* It may be a command, an expression or equation to store, etc.
*
* Return true if successful.
*/
int
process_rv(cp)
char *cp;
{
char *cp1 = NULL;
char *cp_start;
int i;
int len;
int rv;
char buf2[MAX_CMD_LEN]; /* do not make this static! */
int our_repeat_flag = false;
long v; /* Mathomatic variable */
#if !SECURE
FILE *fp;
int i1;
#endif
#if DEBUG
check_gvars();
#endif
init_gvars(); /* make sure we are in the default state */
set_sign_array(); /* register all sign variables so that the next ones will be unique */
if (cp == NULL) {
return false;
}
cp_start = cp;
cp = skip_space(cp);
/* handle search forward */
if (*cp == '/' && isvarchar(cp[1])) {
cp++;
debug_string(0, ("Searching forwards for variable."));
if ((cp1 = parse_var(&v, cp)) == NULL) {
return false;
}
if (extra_characters(cp1)) {
return false;
}
if (search_all_for_var(v, true)) {
return return_result(cur_equation);
} else {
error(_("Variable not found in any equation space."));
return false;
}
}
/* handle the equation selector */
if (*cp == '#') {
cp++;
if (isvarchar(*cp)) {
debug_string(0, ("Searching backwards for variable."));
if ((cp1 = parse_var(&v, cp)) == NULL) {
return false;
}
if (extra_characters(cp1)) {
return false;
}
if (search_all_for_var(v, false)) {
return return_result(cur_equation);
} else {
error(_("Variable not found in any equation space."));
return false;
}
}
i = cur_equation;
cp1 = cp;
switch (*cp) {
case '+':
case '-':
i += strtol(cp, &cp1, 10);
break;
default:
if (isdigit(*cp)) {
i = strtol(cp, &cp1, 10) - 1;
}
break;
}
if (cp1 == NULL || cp == cp1) {
return true; /* treat as comment */
}
if (*cp1 == '\0' || *cp1 == ':' || isspace(*cp1)) {
if (!alloc_to_espace(i)) {
put_up_arrow(cp - cp_start, _("Equation number out of range."));
return false;
}
cp = cp1;
if (*cp == ':') {
cp++;
}
cp = skip_space(cp);
if (*cp) {
input_column += (cp - cp_start);
return parse(i, cp);
}
cur_equation = i;
return_result(cur_equation);
return true;
} else {
cp--;
}
}
#if SHELL_OUT
/* handle shell escape */
if (*cp == '!') {
if (security_level > 0) {
error(_("Shelling out disabled by security level."));
return false;
}
cp = skip_space(cp + 1);
if (*cp == '\0' && security_level < 0) {
error(_("Running an interactive shell is not possible with m4."));
return false;
}
#if MINGW
cp1 = "cmd";
#else
cp1 = getenv("SHELL");
if (cp1 == NULL) {
cp1 = "/bin/sh";
}
#endif
#if 0
if (*cp1 == '/' && access(cp1, X_OK)) {
perror(cp1);
error(_("Shell not found or not executable, check SHELL environment variable."));
return false;
}
#endif
rv = shell_out(*cp ? cp : cp1);
return !rv;
}
#endif
#if HELP
/* a quick way to get help */
if (*cp == '?') {
cp = skip_space(cp + 1);
input_column += (cp - cp_start);
return(help_cmd(cp));
}
#endif
/* See if the string pointed to by cp is a command. */
/* If so, execute it. */
do_repeat:
cp1 = cp;
while (*cp1 && !isspace(*cp1))
cp1++;
len = cp1 - cp; /* length of possible command name in cp */
#define COMPARE_COMMAND_NAME(str) (len >= min(CMD_REQUIRED_NCHARS, strlen(str)) \
&& len <= strlen(str) && strncasecmp(cp, str, len) == 0)
if (COMPARE_COMMAND_NAME("repeat")) {
our_repeat_flag = true;
cp = skip_space(cp1);
goto do_repeat;
}
for (i = 0; i < ARR_CNT(com_list); i++) {
if (COMPARE_COMMAND_NAME(com_list[i].name)
|| (com_list[i].secondary_name && COMPARE_COMMAND_NAME(com_list[i].secondary_name))) {
cp1 = skip_space(cp1);
input_column += (cp1 - cp_start);
/* Copy the command-line to buf2 and use it, because the original string may be overwritten. */
if (my_strlcpy(buf2, cp1, sizeof(buf2)) >= sizeof(buf2)) {
error(_("Command-line too long."));
return false;
}
#if !SECURE
fp = NULL;
if (security_level < 2) {
/* handle output redirection */
gfp_append_flag = false;
gfp_filename = NULL;
for (i1 = strlen(buf2) - 1; i1 >= 0; i1--) {
if (buf2[i1] == '>') {
gfp_filename = skip_space(&buf2[i1+1]);
if (i1 && buf2[i1-1] == '>') {
i1--;
gfp_append_flag = true;
}
buf2[i1] = '\0';
break;
}
}
if (gfp_filename) {
if (gfp_append_flag) {
fp = fopen(gfp_filename, "a");
} else {
fp = fopen(gfp_filename, "w");
}
if (fp == NULL) {
perror(gfp_filename);
error(_("Can't open redirected output file for writing."));
gfp_filename = NULL;
return false;
}
if (gfp != stdout && gfp != stderr && gfp != default_out) {
fclose(gfp); /* make sure previous redirection file is closed */
}
gfp = fp;
}
}
#endif
remove_trailing_spaces(buf2);
pull_number = 1;
show_usage = true;
repeat_flag = our_repeat_flag;
/* execute the command by calling the command function */
rv = (*com_list[i].func)(buf2);
repeat_flag = false;
#if !SECURE
if (fp && gfp != default_out) {
if (gfp != stdout && gfp != stderr)
fclose(gfp);
gfp = default_out;
}
gfp_filename = NULL;
#endif
#if !SILENT && !LIBRARY
if (!rv) {
if (show_usage && debug_level >= 0) {
printf("Command usage: %s %s\n", com_list[i].name, com_list[i].usage);
#if DEBUG
} else if (!test_mode && !demo_mode) {
printf(_("Command returned with error.\n"));
#endif
}
}
#endif
return rv;
}
}
if (our_repeat_flag) {
error(_("Follow \"repeat\" with a command to automatically repeat."));
return false;
}
/* cp is not a command, so parse the expression */
i = next_espace();
input_column += (cp - cp_start);
return process_parse(i, cp);
}
/*
* Display and process Mathomatic main prompt input.
* Used by the read command and "help examples", "help conversions", and "help geometry".
* The input string will be shortened by set_error_level().
*
* Return true if successful.
*/
int
display_process(cp)
char *cp; /* String to process; will be modified, so do not use constant strings. */
{
int len;
int nlt; /* true if cp is newline terminated */
if (cp == NULL)
return false;
#if !LIBRARY
error_str = NULL;
warning_str = NULL;
#endif
len = strlen(cp);
if (len > 0)
len--;
nlt = (cp[len] == '\n');
input_column = 0;
#if !SILENT || !LIBRARY
if (!quiet_mode) {
set_color(3); /* blue prompt */
input_column = printf("%d%s", cur_equation + 1, html_flag ? HTML_PROMPT_STR : PROMPT_STR);
default_color(false);
if (html_flag) {
input_column -= (strlen(HTML_PROMPT_STR) - strlen(PROMPT_STR));
printf("<b>%s</b>", cp); /* make input bold */
} else {
printf("%s", cp);
}
if (!nlt)
printf("\n");
}
#endif
if (gfp != stdout && gfp != stderr) {
if (html_flag == 2) {
set_color(3);
input_column = fprintf(gfp, "%d%s", cur_equation + 1, HTML_PROMPT_STR);
default_color(false);
input_column -= (strlen(HTML_PROMPT_STR) - strlen(PROMPT_STR));
fprintf(gfp, "<b>%s</b>", cp);
} else {
input_column = fprintf(gfp, "%d%s", cur_equation + 1, PROMPT_STR);
fprintf(gfp, "%s", cp);
}
if (!nlt)
fprintf(gfp, "\n");
}
set_error_level(cp);
return process(cp);
}
#if SHELL_OUT
/*
* Execute a shell command. Note that system(3) requires "/bin/sh".
*
* Returns exit status of command (0 if no error).
*/
int
shell_out(cp)
char *cp; /* shell command string */
{
int rv;
if (security_level > 0) {
error(_("Shelling out disabled by security level."));
return -1;
}
#if !SILENT
if (debug_level > 0) {
fprintf(gfp, _("Running shell command-line: %s\n"), cp);
}
#endif
reset_attr();
errno = 0;
rv = system(cp);
if (rv < 0) {
perror("system(3) call failed");
}
printf("\n");
default_color(false);
if (rv) {
show_usage = false; /* already shows enough */
}
return rv;
}
#endif
/*
* Parse a variable name with before and after space and comma character skipping.
*
* Return new position in string or NULL if error.
*/
char *
parse_var2(vp, cp)
long *vp; /* pointer to returned variable in Mathomatic internal format */
char *cp; /* pointer to variable name string */
{
cp = skip_comma_space(cp);
cp = parse_var(vp, cp);
if (cp == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
return skip_comma_space(cp);
}
#if HELP
/*
* Display command usage info in color.
*
* Return number of lines displayed.
*/
int
display_usage(pstr, i)
char *pstr; /* prefix string */
int i;
{
int len = 0;
len += fprintf(gfp, "%s", pstr);
set_color(0);
len += fprintf(gfp, "%s", com_list[i].name);
default_color(false);
len += fprintf(gfp, " %s\n", com_list[i].usage);
if (screen_columns && len > screen_columns) {
return 2;
} else {
return 1;
}
}
/*
* Output command info and usage.
*
* Return the number of lines output.
*/
int
display_command(i)
int i; /* command table index of command */
{
int rows = 2;
fprintf(gfp, "%s - %s\n", com_list[i].name, com_list[i].info);
rows += display_usage("Usage: ", i);
if (com_list[i].secondary_name) {
fprintf(gfp, "Alternate name for this command: %s\n", com_list[i].secondary_name);
rows++;
}
if (com_list[i].extra) {
fprintf(gfp, "%s\n", com_list[i].extra);
rows++;
}
fprintf(gfp, "\n");
#if DEBUG
if (com_list[i].secondary_name && com_list[i].extra) {
error_bug("Alternate name and extra info fields both set for this command, only one or the other is currently allowed.");
}
#endif
return rows;
}
/*
* Output repeat command info and usage.
*
* Return the number of lines output.
*/
int
display_repeat_command(void)
{
EP("repeat - Automatically repeat the following command over and over.");
fprintf(gfp, "Usage: ");
set_color(0);
fprintf(gfp, "repeat");
default_color(false);
fprintf(gfp, " command arguments\n");
EP("Not all commands are repeatable.\n");
return 3;
}
int
read_examples(cpp)
char **cpp;
{
int i;
char *cp;
for (i = 0; cpp[i]; i++) {
cp = strdup(cpp[i]);
if (cp == NULL)
return false;
if (!display_process(cp)) {
free(cp);
return false;
}
free(cp);
}
return true;
}
/*
* Display a row of dashes to underline a title.
*/
void
underline_title(count)
int count; /* length of title, including newline */
{
#if !NOT80COLUMNS
int i;
for (i = 1; i < count; i++) {
fprintf(gfp, "-");
}
#endif
fprintf(gfp, "\n");
}
/*
* The help command.
*/
int
help_cmd(cp)
char *cp;
{
int i, j;
char *cp1;
int flag, html_out;
int row;
html_out = ((html_flag == 2) || (html_flag && gfp == stdout));
if (*cp == '\0') {
intro:
/* default help text: */
SP("Mathomatic is a Computer Algebra System (CAS) and calculator program.");
#if !LIBRARY
SP("Type \"help options\" for a list of shell command-line startup options.");
#endif
SP("For helpful interactive examples, \"help examples\". For news, \"help news\".");
SP("Type \"help equations\" for help with entering expressions and equations.");
SP("Type \"help all\" for a summary of all commands or \"help usage\" just for syntax.");
SP("Other help topics: constants, color, license, bugs, geometry, or conversions.");
SP("\"help\" or \"?\" followed by a command name will give info on that command.");
fprintf(gfp, "These are the %d commands for this version of Mathomatic:\n", ARR_CNT(com_list));
set_color(0);
for (i = 0; i < ARR_CNT(com_list); i++) {
if ((i % 5) == 0)
fprintf(gfp, "\n");
j = 15 - fprintf(gfp, "%s", com_list[i].name);
for (; j > 0; j--)
fprintf(gfp, " ");
}
default_color(false);
SP("\n\nTo see what is allowed at the main prompt, type \"help main\".");
EP("For more help, go to the official website: www.mathomatic.org");
} else if (strcasecmp(cp, "table") == 0) {
fprintf(gfp, "Mathomatic version %s Quick Reference Card\n", VERSION);
fprintf(gfp, "Command\tUsage\tNotes\n");
for (i = 0; i < ARR_CNT(com_list); i++) {
fprintf(gfp, "%s", com_list[i].name);
fprintf(gfp, "\t%s %s", com_list[i].name, com_list[i].usage);
if (com_list[i].secondary_name) {
fprintf(gfp, "\tAlternate name for this command: %s", com_list[i].secondary_name);
} else if (com_list[i].extra) {
fprintf(gfp, "\t%s", com_list[i].extra);
} else {
fprintf(gfp, "\t%s", com_list[i].info);
}
fprintf(gfp, "\n");
}
return true;
}
next_argument:
cp1 = cp;
while (*cp1 && !isspace(*cp1) && *cp1 != ',')
cp1++;
if (cp1 != cp) {
#if NOT80COLUMNS
EP("**********");
#else
EP("*******************************************************************************");
#endif
if (gfp != stdout) {
EP("");
}
/* first, see if the argument matches any command names */
flag = false;
for (i = 0; i < ARR_CNT(com_list); i++) {
if (strncasecmp(cp, com_list[i].name, cp1 - cp) == 0
|| (com_list[i].secondary_name && strncasecmp(cp, com_list[i].secondary_name, cp1 - cp) == 0)) {
display_command(i);
flag = true;
}
}
if (strncasecmp(cp, "repeat", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
display_repeat_command();
flag = true;
}
if (flag) {
cp = skip_comma_space(cp1);
goto next_argument;
}
if (strncasecmp(cp, "startup", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("Help startup:"));
display_startup_message(gfp);
goto next_space;
}
#if !LIBRARY
if (strncasecmp(cp, "options", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("Help startup options:"));
EP("In the Mathomatic application, these options can be applied, upon invocation:\n");
usage(gfp);
goto next_space;
}
#endif
if (strncasecmp(cp, "examples", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
return read_examples(example_strings);
}
if (strncasecmp(cp, "geometry", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("Help geometry:"));
underline_title(EP("Commonly used standard (Euclidean) geometric formulas"));
return read_examples(geometry_strings);
}
if (strncasecmp(cp, "conversions", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("Help conversions:"));
SP("Commonly used metric/English conversions.");
SP("Select the equation you want (for example, with \"1\" or \"/celsius\")");
SP("and type the unit name you want, to solve for it (like \"celsius\").");
EP("Then type \"repeat calculate\" for units conversion and trying different values.");
underline_title(EP("These values are correct for the US and UK."));
return read_examples(conversion_strings);
}
if (strncasecmp(cp, "main", cp1 - cp) == 0 || strncasecmp(cp, "prompt", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("Help main or prompt:"));
EP("At the Mathomatic main prompt, you may enter:\n");
EP(" * a numerical expression, which is instantly evaluated and displayed with");
EP(" the calculate command (autocalc) (see \"help constants\" and autodelete),");
EP(" * an algebraic expression or equation, which is stored and made the current");
EP(" equation (see \"help expressions\"),");
EP(" * a variable to solve the current equation for (autosolve),");
EP(" * an equation number to select as the current equation (autoselect),");
EP(" * a slash (/) or pound sign (#) followed by a variable name to search all");
EP(" equations spaces forward or backward for, respectively,");
EP(" * a Mathomatic command (see \"help all\"),");
EP(" * a question mark (?) for quick, short help (same as the help command),");
EP(" * a semicolon (;) followed by a line comment (everything on a line after a");
EP(" semicolon is ignored),");
#if SHELL_OUT
EP(" * or an exclamation point (!) followed by a shell or system command. \"!\" by");
EP(" itself invokes the default shell. \"!\" is also the factorial operator.\n");
#else
EP(" * shelling out (!) is disabled by security level or system type.");
EP(" The factorial operator \"!\" still works.\n");
#endif
SP("If a colon (:) starts the line, preceding any of the above input to the main");
SP("prompt, it will always return with successful status, preventing any current");
EP("read command operation from aborting due to an error return status.");
goto next_space;
}
if (strncasecmp(cp, "copyrights", cp1 - cp) == 0
|| strncasecmp(cp, "licenses", cp1 - cp) == 0 || strncasecmp(cp, "licences", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("Copyright and License for Mathomatic"));
fprintf(gfp, "%s", license_string);
goto next_space;
}
if (strncasecmp(cp, "bugs", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("Help bugs:"));
SP("Please report bugs on the Mathomatic project site on Launchpad.net:");
EP("https://launchpad.net/mathomatic");
EP("Launchpad features a complete bug management system.");
#if linux
SP("\nIn Debian, a convenient way to report bugs from the shell command-line");
EP("is \"reportbug mathomatic\". In Ubuntu, use \"apport-bug mathomatic\".");
#endif
SP("\nPlease include the following information when reporting bugs,");
EP("from the \"version status\" command:\n");
version_report();
goto next_space;
}
#if SHELL_OUT
if (strncasecmp(cp, "news", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("What's New!"));
shell_out("w3m http://mathomatic.org/NEWS");
goto next_space;
}
#endif
if (strncasecmp(cp, "usage", cp1 - cp) == 0
|| strncasecmp(cp, "syntax", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("Mathomatic Command Usage Syntax"));
for (i = 0, row = 3; i < ARR_CNT(com_list);) {
row += display_usage("", i);
i++;
if (i >= ARR_CNT(com_list))
break;
if (screen_rows && row >= (screen_rows - 3)) {
row = 2;
if (gfp == stdout) {
if (!pause_cmd(""))
return false;
}
}
}
goto next_space;
}
if (cp[0] == '!') {
SP("A command preceded by an exclamation point (such as \"!ls\") is taken to");
SP("be a shell command and is passed unchanged to the shell (/bin/sh) when");
SP("Mathomatic is not in secure mode. \"!\" by itself invokes the default shell,");
EP("which is specified in the SHELL environment variable.\n");
EP("\"!\" is also the factorial operator.");
goto next_space;
}
if (is_mathomatic_operator(cp[0]) || strncasecmp(cp, "operators", cp1 - cp) == 0
|| strncasecmp(cp, "expressions", cp1 - cp) == 0 || strncasecmp(cp, "equations", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("Help equations:"));
SP("To enter an expression or equation, type or copy/paste it in at the prompt.");
EP("Operators have precedence decreasing as indicated:\n");
EP(" ! factorial (same as gamma(x+1) function; highest precedence)");
EP(" ** or ^ power (exponentiation; high precedence)");
EP(" * multiply / divide % modulus // integral divide");
EP(" + add - subtract or negate");
EP(" = equate (denotes equivalence; lowest precedence)\n");
SP("Multiple operators of the same precedence level are grouped left to right.");
SP("Parentheses are used to override operator precedence and group things together.");
EP("Valid parentheses characters are () and {}. [] are reserved for arrays.\n");
SP("Variables consist of any combination of letters, digits, and underscores (_),");
SP("and \"set special_variable_characters\". Variables never start with a digit.");
EP("Predefined variables follow (\"help constants\" shows predefined constants):\n");
if (html_out) {
EP(" sign, sign1, sign2, &hellip; - may only be &plusmn;1");
EP(" integer, integer1, &hellip; - may be any integer value\n");
} else {
EP(" sign, sign1, sign2, ... - may only be +1 or -1");
EP(" integer, integer1, ... - may be any integer value\n");
}
EP("Absolute value notation \"|x|\" and dual polarity \"+/-x\" are understood.");
goto next_space;
}
if (isdigit(cp[0]) || cp[0] == '.'
|| strncasecmp(cp, "constants", cp1 - cp) == 0 || strncasecmp(cp, "decimal", cp1 - cp) == 0
|| strncasecmp(cp, "floats", cp1 - cp) == 0 || strncasecmp(cp, "doubles", cp1 - cp) == 0
|| strncasecmp(cp, "hexadecimal", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("Help constants:"));
SP("Constants are displayed as decimal, double precision floating point values,");
SP("rounded to 14 decimal digits. They are displayed in standard or scientific");
SP("notation, whichever is shortest. They can be entered in standard, scientific,");
SP("or hexadecimal notation. Any constant can be entered in hexadecimal (base 16)");
SP("by starting it with \"0x\". Excepting named constants, constants always start");
EP("with a decimal digit (0..9), a period, or a dash (-).\n");
EP("Named constants follow:\n");
if (html_out) {
EP(" e, &ecirc;, or e# - the universal constant e (2.718281828&hellip;)");
EP(" pi or pi# - the universal constant pi (3.1415926&hellip;)");
EP(" i, &icirc;, or i# - the imaginary unit (&radic;(-1))");
} else {
EP(" e or e# - the universal constant e (2.718281828...)");
EP(" pi or pi# - the universal constant pi (3.1415926...)");
EP(" i or i# - the imaginary unit (square root of -1)");
}
EP("The above constants may also be used anywhere variables are required.");
EP(" inf - floating point infinity constant");
EP(" NaN - invalid floating point result\n");
EP("Double precision floating point limits:");
fprintf(gfp, "The largest valid constant is +/-%.7g (slightly less than 2^1024).\n", DBL_MAX);
fprintf(gfp, "The smallest valid constant is +/-%.7g or 0.\n", DBL_MIN);
goto next_space;
}
if (strncasecmp(cp, "introduction", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
cp = skip_comma_space(cp1);
goto intro;
}
if (strncasecmp(cp, "colors", cp1 - cp) == 0 || strncasecmp(cp, "colours", cp1 - cp) == 0) {
underline_title(EP("Help colors:"));
if (color_flag) {
if (color_flag == 2) {
fprintf(gfp, "Alternative ");
}
fprintf(gfp, "Color mode is currently on, bold mode is currently %s.\n", bold_colors ? "on" : "off");
if (html_flag) {
EP("HTML mode is currently on, so color mode is HTML.");
} else {
#if WIN32_CONSOLE_COLORS
if (color_flag == 2) {
EP("Using ANSI color mode.");
} else {
EP("Using WIN32 CONSOLE color mode.");
}
#else
EP("Using ANSI color mode.");
#endif
}
if (display_all_colors()) {
fprintf(gfp, " are the available colors.\n");
} else {
fprintf(gfp, "\n");
}
} else {
EP("Color mode is currently turned off.");
}
#if !LIBRARY
SP("\nIn the Mathomatic application,");
EP("color mode is toggled by the -c option on the shell command-line, like this:\n");
EP(" $ mathomatic -c\n");
SP("Color modes like ANSI color mode output ANSI terminal escape sequences");
SP("to make each level of parentheses a different color, improving readability.");
SP("If ANSI color mode is on, an ANSI compatible terminal emulator is required.");
SP("If the colors are hard to see, use the -b option instead, which will always");
EP("turn on bold color mode, increasing the color brightness.\n");
EP("These and other startup command-line options are listed with \"help options\".");
SP("\nThe Mathomatic set commands \"set color\" and \"set bold color\" also");
SP("turn on color and bold color mode for the current session. \"set no bold\"");
SP("restores dim colors and \"set no color\" always turns color mode off.");
EP("When Mathomatic exits, these settings are lost, unless \"set save\" was entered.");
#endif
goto next_space;
}
if (is_all(cp)) {
underline_title(fprintf(gfp, "Mathomatic Version %s Command Summary\n", VERSION));
for (i = 0, row = 3; i < ARR_CNT(com_list);) {
row += display_command(i);
i++;
if (i >= ARR_CNT(com_list))
break;
if (screen_rows && row >= (screen_rows - 5)) {
row = 1;
if (gfp == stdout) {
if (!pause_cmd(""))
return false;
}
}
}
fprintf(gfp, "End of command list. Total of %d different commands.\n", ARR_CNT(com_list));
goto next_space;
}
error(_("Unrecognized help topic or command."));
return false;
}
return true;
next_space:
if (gfp != stdout) {
EP("");
}
cp = skip_comma_space(cp1);
goto next_argument;
}
#endif
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